Scrotum
The scrotum is the bag of skin that hangs down under the penis and which contains the balls or testicles. The scrotum also contains the epididymides, vasa deferentia and blood vessels.
Testicles
The testicles are egg-shaped. They produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. Testosterone affects how the body forms muscle, fat and bone. Testosterone also affects a person's sex drive. If you have a testosterone deficiency, your desire and interest in sex may decrease. A testosterone deficiency may also affect the ability to achieve or sustain an erection.
The scrotum constantly changes size in order to protect the testicles and their function. The testicles need to be at 34 °C in order to function, which is why the scrotum contracts or extends depending on the surrounding temperature.
Epididymides
The epididymides are located behind the testicles and link the testicles with the vasa deferentia. If you examine your scrotum with your fingers, you can feel the softer epididymides behind the testicles. Sperm mature and are stored inside the epididymides.
Examining your scrotum
It is recommended that you examine your scrotum and testicles at intervals so that you know what your testicles normally feel like. This makes it easier to detect any changes.
It is easiest to examine the scrotum when standing up and it is good if you are in a place where you are warm and relaxed, for instance in the shower. Heat makes the scrotum larger and makes it easier to feel the testicles.
How to examine your scrotum:
- Lift up the scrotum and let it lie in one of your hands
- Use your other hand, for instance, thumb, index finger and middle finger, to examine it
- Carefully squeeze and feel one testicle at a time
- Finish off by feeling the entire scrotum.
The testicles should feel soft, a little slippery on the surface, and be smooth and even. They are often of different sizes and the left testicle is generally a little larger and slightly higher than the right testicle.
Check if there are any hard lumps, changes or swellings. Small lumps are usually not dangerous but if you detect something that has changed shape or size, you should go to see a doctor. If there is any pain or if the testicle is warm and swollen, this might be a sign of inflammation.
Medical examination
When you have a medical examination, a doctor or nurse will feel your testicles, epididymides, vasa deferentia and the blood vessels in the scrotum. You may be asked to give a urine sample and sometimes an ultrasound examination may be required.